Domain Name System (DNS)
The "Domain Name System (DNS)" is a hierarchical and distributed naming system for translating domain names into IP addresses and vice versa on the internet. DNS plays a critical role in facilitating human-readable domain names (e.g., example.com) to be translated into machine-readable IP addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1), enabling users to access websites, send emails, and perform other internet-related activities.
Translation Function: DNS translates domain names into IP addresses and IP addresses into domain names, allowing internet users to access websites, send emails, and communicate across networks.
Hierarchical Structure: DNS operates in a hierarchical structure organized into zones, domains, and subdomains, with each level managed by authoritative name servers responsible for specific domains or zones.
Resource Records: DNS stores information in resource records (RRs), which contain data associated with domain names, including IP addresses, mail exchange (MX) records, canonical names (CNAMEs), and other DNS information.
Name Resolution Process: When a user enters a domain name into a web browser or email client, the DNS resolver queries recursive and authoritative name servers to obtain the corresponding IP address, allowing the user's device to establish a connection to the desired destination.
DNSSEC: DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is a set of protocols that add security features to DNS to prevent DNS spoofing, cache poisoning, and other types of attacks by digitally signing DNS data.
Website Access: When a user enters a domain name (e.g., www.example.com) into a web browser, the DNS translates the domain name into the corresponding IP address, allowing the browser to connect to the web server hosting the website.
Email Delivery: DNS plays a crucial role in email delivery by resolving domain names to mail exchange (MX) records, directing incoming emails to the appropriate mail servers for processing and delivery to recipients' inboxes.
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